Money

The point I want to make with these two examples is that there's nothing inherently valuable about a dollar or a stone or a coin. The only reason these things have any value is because we've all decided they should. And because we've decided that, they do. Money is about the exchanges and the transactions that we have with each other. Money isn't anything objective. It's about a collective story that we tell each other about value. A collective fiction. And that's a really powerful concept.

In the past two decades, we've begun to use digital money. So I get paid via direct deposit, I pay my rent via bank transfer, I pay my taxes online. And every month, a small amount of money is deducted from my paycheck and invested in mutual funds in my retirement account. All of these interactions are literally just changing 1's and 0's on computers. There's not even anything physical, like a stone or a coin. Digital money makes it so that I can pay someone around the world in seconds.

That's because digital money isn't really mine, it's entries in databases that belong to my bank, my credit card company or my investment firm. And these companies have the right to say "no." If I'm a PayPal merchant and PayPal wrongly flags me for fraud, that's it. My account gets frozen, and I can't get paid.

We're about to enter a new phase of money. (Estamos a punto de entrar en...)

Cryptocurrencies are the first step of this evolution. Cryptocurrencies are digital money that isn't run by any government or bank. It's money designed to work in a world without intermediaries. Bitcoin is the most ubiquitous cryptocurrency, but there are hundreds of them. And these things are real money.

So what the banks used to give us -- trustworthy digital money transfer -- we can now get with a clever application of cryptography. And this means that we don't have to rely on the banks anymore to secure our transactions. We can do it ourselves.

MONEY. Vocabulary:

Invest money in / spend money on

Be in credit / be overdrawn (al descubierto)

Get into debt / get out of debt

Buy-get something on credit / pay cash for something

Get a loan / repay a loan (a la persona),

Pay back (devolver a alguien el dinero prestado) / pay off (devolverlo al banco)

 Have a good credit rating (calificación de crédito) / have a bad credit rating

Take out (contratar un préstamo, arrange to get a loan, morgage…) from a bank

Get high interest rate (tasa de interés) / get a low interest rate

Have a current account / have a saving account

Be well off / be short (of money). We also can say: be in debt

Take-get money out of an account / put money into an account

 Más formal para sacar o meter dinero: withdraw / deposit

Go down: caer. Price have gone down

Come to (ascender, precio total): The house repair come to about 1200 euros

Put down on (rebajar, dar una entrada o adelanto): He’s put 2.000 euros down on a new flat

 Come into (heredar): She came into a lot of  money when her aunt died 

Take off (rebajar): The shop took off 50 euros off the table because it was damaged 

Save up (ahorrar) Rip off (timar): $8 for an ice cream? He’s ripping people off. 

A deposite

To be rolling in Money

To be broke: estar en bancarrota = be out of money

To be bankrupt: ser insolvente. Bankruptcy: quiebra, bancarrota

Property es incontable

HOBBIES AND INTERESTS

SEE-LOOK-WATCH

THE MEDIA TV/FILMS/SONGS VOCABULARY

A CRITIC writes reviws (he writes about the good or bad qualities of books, films, concerts. theatre,..)
a REPORTER
a FREELANCE JOURNALIST
a NEWSREADER es un presentador de noticias (TV or radio)
a PRESENTER  es un presentador (TV or radio)
a COMMENTATOR es un comentarista ( radio or TV) que describe un deporte mientras está teniendo lugar. Tb puede ser un political commentator.
EDITOR
PAPARAZZI
AGONY AUNT

A REPORTING (reportaje, información) can be:
            SENSATIONAL, BIASED /baiest/, OBJECTIVE, ACCURATE/akiuret/ (riguroso)... or it can be CENSORED /sensed/

An episode (n):a specific TV program that is part of a series in which the same story is continued each week

 A critic: a journalist who writes reviews.

 A series (n): a continuing weekly TV show which has the same characters.

 Audience: spectators

 Audition:(as a noun) a short performance where you sing, dance, or act so that someone can decide if you are good enough to perform in a film, play, concert etc

 A TV channel (n): a television station and its programs.

Example: CBC is on channel 3.

 A TV pilot (n): the first episode of a TV series

 A network (n): a group of radio or television stations, which broadcast many of the same programs, but in different parts of the one country.

 A commercial (n): a television advertisement

 A character (n): a person in a TV show, movie or story.

The main character (n) the most important person in the TV show, film or story.

A news anchor: presentador de noticias.

A remote control (n): a handheld device you use to change channels on TV :  a clicker

A studio (n): room where TV programs or films are made and broadcast or where music is recorded

A take: recording of a scene. Toma

A viewer (n):a person who watches TV or films. Espectador

A viewership: audiencia televisiva

A season (n): a specific period of time when a TV series is shown.

A role (n): the part an actor plays in a TV show, film or play.

A script (n): the written part of a TV show, play or story.

A sequel: a film that continues the story of a previous film.

A host/ a presenter (n): someone who introduces and talks to the guests on a television or radio program. Presentador 

Broadcasting (n): the business of making television and radio programmes. Radiodifusión
To broadcast: emitir.

A broadcast ( n) / to broadcast-broadcast-broadcast a television or radio program, to put a TV show on a TV network, channel or the internet so that people can it. Programa, emisión, transmisión.

 Budget: monetary limit

Cast (n./ v)the category name for all of the actors who play characters in a TV show, film or play. Each character is a cast member (miembro del reparto) 

Casting: the choice of actors. 

Celebrity culture: the lives and activities of people who are famous and the people who are interested in them.

Captions: words printed below a picture in a book or newspaper or on a television screen to explain what the picture is showing. Leyenda, pie de foto, subtítulo.

Costume: the set of clothes used by actors.

Dubbed: when the original spoken language of a film or television program is changed into another language. Doblado

Film lover: cinephile

London’s West End: an area of central London that has many famous theatres.

Prime time (n): the time on TV between 7:00 and 10:00 when the highest number of people are watching TV. This is when networks put on their best shows.

The tube (n) an informal word for television or TV. “What did you watch on the tube last night?”

Ratings (n): a measurement to see how many people are watching a particular TV show. Ratings help networks to decide which shows should continue. Cuota de pantalla, índice de audiencia.

Rehearsal: prepare and practise for a public performance of a drama or piece of music.

To release: make available for people to see or buy. A premiere

To shoot-shot-shot: to film

To zap (v): to use a remote control device or "clicker" to switch channels, turn down the sound or turn off the TV.

Surfing or channel surfing (n): when you change from one television channel to another, only watching a few minutes of any programme.

Programming (n): the planning of TV shows, series or broadcasts. 

The Winter Olympics received over 160 hours of television programming.

Subtitles (n): the words printed under the TV show or movie in a foreign language to translate what the actors are saying. Subtitled.

Stunt: a dangerous action that is done to entertain people, especially in a film or a TV program (car chases…) Stunter. Escena peligrosa. 

The set (n): a place where a film or television programme is filmed. Be set in. “The film is set in New York in the 1940s.” Plató, escenario.

 The setting (n): the place where something is or where something happens, and the general environment.

The media: television, radio, newspapers, magazines and the internet, used to provide information and entertainment

Soundtrack: all the music played during a TV show or movie(usually as background).
The score: música, partitura (tb es "tanteo)

Stage name: the name, different from his or her real name, that an actor or performer is publicly known by:” David Bowie is the stage name of the singer David Jones”. Nombre artístico.

Star: famous singer, actor or sports player

Starred: the main actor in a film, play or story

Trailer: a short extract from a film, TV programme.

IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS

A couch potato (n): a person who spends a lot of time sitting or lying down watching television. “Don´t lie around like a couch potato. Get up and do something productive”.

A rave review: to praise (elogiar) a film, a book... # Poor review. Crítica entusiástica.

Breakthrough: /ˈbreɪkθruː/an event which starts a successful period in someone’s career. Make an advance. The Beatles´ breakthrough single was released in 1962. Descubrimiento, primer single o libro exitoso.

Five minutes of fame: being famous for a short period of time (but not literally five minutes!)

Make headlines: become famous by being reported in newspapers and in the news.” The crisis is making headlines around the world”. Hacer titulares.

Rise to fame: the process of becoming famous. Llegar a la fama.

SORT OF FILMS/PROGRAMS

Classic: a very good, or well-known, example of a category. ‘I like classic English novels, by writers like Jane Austen or Charles Dickens.’

Documentary :film, radio or television programme that gives facts about something.

Historical: connected to the historical past. “I also like non-fiction; especially books about interesting historical characters”.

Indie movies: A movie produced by an independent studio.

Musical: a film or play that uses songs and music to tell the story

Romcoms: informal name for romantic comedy films

Remake: film new version of a similar old one.

Reality TV show: television programme using ordinary people, not actors, in real life situations

Spin-off: a TV programme involving characters from a previous TV programme.

Sitcom (a situation comedy) (n): a half hour show that usually shows the life of a family or a group of friends. Most of the time these are comedies.

Soap opera (n): a TV show about the daily lives and relationships of the same group of people, which is broadcast every day. Telenovela.

Version: a form of the TV show that is slightly different.

Stand-up comedy: a style of comedy performance where one person stands on the stage and talks to the audience (El club de la comedia)

Talkshow: a TV programme in which people are interviewed and/or talk about a topic

Snuff movie: fims that show real deaths. Película de asesinatos reales.

Road movies: a genre in which the main character is travelling.

Fantasy; Western; Epic; Adventure; Thriller, Fantasy

PHRASES AND ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE FILMS/PROGRAMMES/SONGS

Awful, Dreadful: terrible, unpleasant /únplézant/

Blockbuster: very successful. “After his blockbuster first film, the director was never again able to achieve that degree of success”.

Catchy: instantly appealing. “Catchy pop melodies”. Pegadiza

Commercial

Disturbing: unpleasant, that makes people feel anxious or upset. Perturbador.

Dull: boring. Aburrido, soso.

Family friendly (adj.): shows that are O.K. for children to watch. These shows don't show sex or violence.

Far- fetched: very unlikely, a made up story, cock and bull story. Improbable, disparatado.

Gripping: exciting, fascinating #dull. Fascinante

Global celebrity status: with fame round the world

Hit song: a tune that is very successful

Hilarious: very funny

Lead singer: main singer in a group.

Memorable: likely to be remembered 

Moving: emotionally touching.

Number one record: a song that sells better than any other.

Predictable

Sentimental

Stirring: full of emotions. Excitante, estimulante, emotivo

Pop sensation: a singer who is very popular and causes a lot of excitement.

Overrated: overestimated. #underrated. Sobrevalorado.

Over- the- top: excessive, exaggerated. Exagerado, excesivo.

Scary: frightening

Uplifting: emotional, inspirational. Inspirador.

Weird: strange

When we speak, we use pairs of adjectives with similar meanings to emphasize what we mean and we often repeat the adverb with each adjective.

“The musical was so inspiring, just so uplifting”

“The play is just incredibly moving, incredibly touching”

Ejercicios para estudiar el vocabulario

https://quizlet.com/18963620/tv-vocabulary-flash-cards/

Books

The most general genres in literature are epic, tragedy, comedy, and creative nonfiction.They can all be in the form of prose or poetry. Nowadays, the main genre written in prose is the novel. It's is called Genre fiction and is also known as popular fiction. The main subgenres are crime, fantasy, romance, science fiction, western, inspirational and horror.In the publishing industry the term "category fiction" is often used as a synonym for genre fiction:

    Crime:  Suspense and mystery are key elements to the genre.

  Fantasy: Fantasy is a genre of fiction that uses magic or other supernatural elements as a main plot element, theme, or setting. In popular culture, the fantasy genre is predominantly set in medieval times.

    Romance: The romance novel or "romantic novel" primarily focuses on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an "emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.There are subgenres such are  chick-lit (consists of heroine-centered narratives that focus on the trials and tribulations of their individual protagonists. chick lit's protagonists tended to be "single, white, heterosexual, British and American women in their late twenties and early thirties, living in metropolitan areas. Bridget's Jones diary is a chick- lit), erotic romance, women's fiction, Young adult romance.

 Science fiction: is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes and extraterrestrial life.

Western

Horror

Thriller

Bestsellers

Racy or risque novel (erótica)

Travelogue/travelog es un diario de viaje.

Travel story

A novel uses to have chapters. It's can have a sequel /síkuel/

An author /ˈɔːθə/ can be a novelist, a poet or a playwright. The authors can be on a book tour or book signing tour. It's when they are advertising and signing a copy of their book. An author can be a fast-seller when he buys a lot and has a lot of incomes. He also can be a wealthy author (pudiente). He publishes his book in a publishing house.(editorial)

When you are in a library you can't buy books, you can only borrow books.

You can buy books in a bookstore or bookshop. They can be paperbacks/pocket books or hardbacks (pasta dura) and, recently, e-books to read on an e-reader or e-book reader. And you can Flick through (hojear, pasar páginas rápidamente) the books or browse: echar un vistazo por la tienda.

A novel has characters (personajes) and a plot (argumento).

A book uses to have a blurb on the back cover, (publicidad en la tapa posterior)

A pop-up es un libro que despliega relieves recortados en sus páginas. Suelen ser para niños.

A page-turner es un libro que no puedes parar de leer., un libro apasionante.

And, the person who reads is a reader. He can be a keen, enthusiastic, eager or avid reader.